/usr/local/lib/swipl/library/aggregate.pl
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  • swipl
    • library
      • error.pl
      • debug.pl -- Print debug messages and test assertions
      • apply.pl
      • lists.pl
      • broadcast.pl
      • shlib.pl
      • option.pl
      • thread_pool.pl -- Resource bounded thread management
      • gensym.pl
      • settings.pl
      • arithmetic.pl
      • main.pl
      • readutil.pl
      • operators.pl -- Manage operators
      • pairs.pl -- Operations on key-value lists
      • prolog_source.pl -- Examine Prolog source-files
      • record.pl
      • quasi_quotations.pl
      • pure_input.pl -- Pure Input from files and streams
      • solution_sequences.pl -- Modify solution sequences
      • ordsets.pl
      • random.pl
      • base64.pl
      • aggregate.pl -- Aggregation operators on backtrackable predicates
        • safe_meta/2
        • aggregate/3
        • aggregate/4
        • aggregate_all/3
        • aggregate_all/4
        • foldall/4
        • foreach/2
        • free_variables/4
      • yall.pl
      • sandbox.pl
      • apply_macros.pl -- Goal expansion rules to avoid meta-calling
      • assoc.pl -- Binary associations
      • prolog_format.pl
      • predicate_options.pl -- Access and analyse predicate options
      • csv.pl
      • pprint.pl
      • atom.pl
      • modules.pl -- Module utility predicates
      • occurs.pl -- Finding and counting sub-terms
      • prolog_xref.pl
      • prolog_colour.pl -- Prolog syntax colouring support.
      • lazy_lists.pl -- Lazy list handling
      • ugraphs.pl
      • url.pl -- Analysing and constructing URL
      • www_browser.pl
      • prolog_pack.pl
      • git.pl -- Run GIT commands
      • utf8.pl -- UTF-8 encoding/decoding on lists of character codes.
      • dialect.pl -- Support multiple Prolog dialects
      • system.pl
      • terms.pl -- Term manipulation
      • date.pl -- Process dates and times
      • persistency.pl
      • iostream.pl -- Utilities to deal with streams
      • prolog_stack.pl
      • edinburgh.pl -- Some traditional Edinburgh predicates
      • prolog_clause.pl
      • prolog_breakpoints.pl
      • wfs.pl -- Well Founded Semantics interface
      • prolog_code.pl -- Utilities for reasoning about code
      • sort.pl
      • dicts.pl -- Dict utilities
      • dif.pl -- The dif/2 constraint
      • varnumbers.pl -- Utilities for numbered terms
      • pio.pl -- Pure I/O
      • base32.pl
      • charsio.pl -- I/O on Lists of Character Codes
      • codesio.pl -- I/O on Lists of Character Codes
      • coinduction.pl
      • heaps.pl -- heaps/priority queues
      • rbtrees.pl -- Red black trees
      • statistics.pl -- Get information about resource usage
      • when.pl
      • backcomp.pl
      • shell.pl -- Elementary shell commands
      • increval.pl
      • tables.pl -- XSB interface to tables
      • strings.pl
      • intercept.pl
      • nb_set.pl -- Non-backtrackable sets
      • exceptions.pl
      • quintus.pl -- Quintus compatibility
      • prolog_versions.pl -- Demand specific (Prolog) versions
      • ansi_term.pl -- Print decorated text to ANSI consoles
      • tty.pl
      • listing.pl
      • prolog_autoload.pl
      • check.pl -- Consistency checking
      • prolog_codewalk.pl -- Prolog code walker
      • prolog_debug.pl -- User level debugging tools
      • prolog_wrap.pl
      • edit.pl -- Editor interface
      • qsave.pl
      • zip.pl
      • threadutil.pl -- Interactive thread utilities
      • explain.pl
      • prolog_metainference.pl
      • rwlocks.pl -- Read/write locks
      • portray_text.pl
      • prolog_trace.pl
      • thread.pl -- High level thread primitives
      • macros.pl
      • prolog_history.pl
      • prolog_profile.pl -- Execution profiler
      • prolog_coverage.pl
      • ctypes.pl
      • make.pl
      • optparse.pl -- command line parsing
      • fastrw.pl
      • files.pl
      • writef.pl
      • hashtable.pl
      • prolog_jiti.pl
      • prolog_config.pl -- Provide configuration information
      • streams.pl
 foreach(:Generator, :Goal)
True when the conjunction of instances of Goal created from solutions for Generator is true. Except for term copying, this could be implemented as below.
foreach(Generator, Goal) :-
    findall(Goal, Generator, Goals),
    maplist(call, Goals).

The actual implementation uses findall/3 on a template created from the variables shared between Generator and Goal. Subsequently, it uses every instance of this template to instantiate Goal, call Goal and undo only the instantiation of the template and not other instantiations created by running Goal. Here is an example:

?- foreach(between(1,4,X), dif(X,Y)), Y = 5.
Y = 5.
?- foreach(between(1,4,X), dif(X,Y)), Y = 3.
false.

The predicate foreach/2 is mostly used if Goal performs backtrackable destructive assignment on terms. Attributed variables (underlying constraints) are an example. Another example of a backtrackable data structure is in library(hashtable). If we care only about the side effects (I/O, dynamic database, etc.) or the truth value of Goal, forall/2 is a faster and simpler alternative. If Goal instantiates its arguments it is will often fail as the argument cannot be instantiated to multiple values. It is possible to incrementally grow an argument:

?- foreach(between(1,4,X), member(X, L)).
L = [1,2,3,4|_].

Note that SWI-Prolog up to version 8.3.4 created copies of Goal using copy_term/2 for each iteration, this makes the current implementation unable to properly handle compound terms (in Goal's arguments) that share variables with the Generator. As a workaround you can define a goal that does not use compound terms, like in this example:

mem(E,L) :-  % mem/2 hides the compound argument from foreach/2
   member(r(E),L).

?- foreach(  between(1,5,N), mem(N,L)).